Takfir is the act of denouncing Muslims, whether individuals or collectives, as apostates due to a perceived breach of core Islamic tenets. While all religions define theological parameters, extremists apply takfir against mainstream Muslims by anathematising divergent religious expressions in theological interpretation or practice, e.g. Sufism, as well as contemporary issues, e.g. democratic participation.
- What is kufr and are there different degrees of it?
- Can actions take one out of the fold of Islam?
- Parameters of takfir: intention, knowledge, interpretation, duress, etc.
- Who has the authority to declare takfir?
- The extreme caution deployed by the Prophet (pbuh) and his Successors regarding takfir, versus the reckless application by the Kharijites
- Is there a prescribed penalty for apostasy